Tone 2 Pronounced as Tone 1

• It is common that learners pronounced Tone 2 of “卓” as Tone 1.
• The native speaker's tone contour presents clear rising trend, from 210Hz to 300Hz.
• The learners' tone contours are flatter and higher than the native speaker's, little difference can be found between minimum and maximum pitch values.

• It is common that learners pronounced “结” in the word “结茧” as Tone 1.
• The native speaker's tone contour presents clear rising trend, from 190Hz to 230Hz.
• The learners' tone contours are flatter and higher than the native speaker's, little difference can be found between minimum and maximum pitch values.

Suggestions for teachers:

• remind students to lower the pitch at the beginning of Tone 2
• remind students to gradually raise the pitch throughout the pronunciation of Tone 2