{"id":664,"date":"2020-03-09T02:31:26","date_gmt":"2020-03-09T02:31:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/?page_id=664"},"modified":"2026-03-23T17:10:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T17:10:34","slug":"background-of-china-english-and-hong-kong-english","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/background-of-china-english-and-hong-kong-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Background of China English and Hong Kong English"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"664\" class=\"elementor elementor-664\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b51f905 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b51f905\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-457bb6d5\" data-id=\"457bb6d5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3383ff26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3383ff26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.4 - 12-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-664\" class=\"panel-layout\">\n<div id=\"pg-664-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;lsow_dark_bg&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\" data-ratio=\"1\" data-ratio-direction=\"right\">\n<div id=\"pgc-664-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\" data-weight=\"1\">\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-0\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>In the 1980s, Kachru came up with his classic three circles model of World English,&nbsp;&nbsp;which describes the new Englishes &nbsp;\u201cin terms of three concentric circles representing the types of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which English is used across cultures and languages\u201d (Kachru, 1985, p. 242). His classic three circles model includes&nbsp;(Kachru, 2005):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Inner Circle<\/strong><\/span>, which consists of the traditional English speaking countries like Britain, the USA, Canada and Australia<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Outer Circle<\/strong><\/span>, which consists of the&nbsp;places which had a colonial link with Britain or the USA and have now adopted English as an official language, like Singapore, India, and the Philippines<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Expanding Circle<\/span>,&nbsp;<\/strong>which includes the countries&nbsp;which have&nbsp;no colonial link to Britain or the USA but now use English as a foreign language, such as China, Japan, Germany and Brazil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Over the past decades, the development of English varieties&nbsp;in Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong has caused plenty of interest at different levels. An ever-expanding number of proficient English speakers in Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong makes people believe that \u201cHong Kong English\u201d (HKE) &nbsp;(Schnelder, 2007) and \u201cChina English\u201d&nbsp;(CE)&nbsp;(Ge, 1980, p.2) will possibly become new varieties of English that will be socially accepted with their independent identities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#96e0d8&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-1\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><strong><em>Hong Kong English (HKE)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-2\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>The term &#8220;<span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Hong Kong English<\/strong><\/span>&#8221; refers to the English spoken by native Hong Kongers with its special accent and characteristics. It is primarily spoken by those whose first language is Cantonese and it is often considered as the Hong Kong variant of China English. According to Kachru\u2019s model, the line between Outer Circle or Expanding Circle is not always clear in Hong Kong. Like an institutionalized &#8220;Outer Circle&#8221; variety, English in Hong Kong has a legal status as an official language and the written form is widely used in various contexts, such as governmental documents and public notices.<\/p>\n<p>The legitimacy of &#8220;Hong Kong English&#8221; as a recognized new variety of English is a matter of heated debate and frequent controversy, but no one can doubt that Hong Kongers speak English with an identifiable accent and &#8220;share a common underlying phonological system, regardless of whether HKE is characterized as an &#8216;interlanguage&#8217; or a &#8216;new variety&#8217; of English&#8221; (Hung, 2000, p1).<\/p>\n<p>The phonological features of&nbsp;Hong Kong English&nbsp;have caused plenty of interest in both Hong Kong and overseas over recent decades (e.g.&nbsp;Luke and Richards, 1982; Bolton and Kwok, 1990; Hung, 2000; Stibard, 2004; Deterding et al, 2008).&nbsp;One of the earliest studies on HKE phonology was&nbsp;done by Luke and Richards (1982).&nbsp;In this study, they investigated and listed some distinctive phonological features of HKE, such as the substitution of \/n\/ for \/l\/ in initial position and \/w\/ for \/v\/.&nbsp;Other common features of HKE suggested by previous studies include lack of length contrast in vowels, absence of voicing contrast in fricatives,&nbsp;L-vocalization, monophthonization of diphthongs, syllable-timed rhythm, etc.<\/p>\n<p>If you are interested in these pronunciation features of Hong Kong English, please go to<span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #33cccc; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/pronunciation-of-hong-kong-english\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Read More<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>&nbsp;for more details.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"3\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#96e0d8&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-3\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><strong><em>China English (CE)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"4\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-4\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>China is a multicultural country &nbsp;where a large number of dialects are spoken, including eight major <span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>dialect groups<\/strong><\/span> &#8220;Northern Chinese (also known as Mandarin), Wu, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min, and Yueh&#8221; (Chang, 1987).&nbsp;&nbsp;As Kirkpatrick (2007) argued, speakers of China English come from all over China and have different accents because of &nbsp;the influence from different home dialects. However,many previous studies (e.g. Chang, 1987; Deterding, 2006) suggested that there are also some common features that are&nbsp; shared by Chinese speakers of all native dialects, like<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>absence of length contrast in vowels<\/li>\n<li>insertion of schwa in consonant clusters<\/li>\n<li>substitution of dental fricative sounds (i.e. \/\u03b8\/ in &#8220;thanks&#8221; and \/\u00f0\/ in &#8220;them&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>vocalization of black \/l\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"5\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#96e0d8&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-5\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-664-0-0-6\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" data-style=\"{&quot;padding&quot;:&quot;12px 0px 6px 0px&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-664-0-0-6\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>Bolton, K. and H. Kwok. (1990). The Dynamics of the Hong Kong Accent: Social Identity and Sociolinguistic Description.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Asian Pacific Communication&nbsp;<\/em>1, 147-72.<\/p>\n<p>Chang, J. (1987). Chinese speaker,<em>&nbsp;Learner English: a teacher\u2019s guide to interference and other problems (2nd ed)<\/em>&nbsp;In M. Swan &amp; B. Smith, (Eds.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Chan, A. Y. W. &amp; Li, D. C. S. (2000). English and Cantonese phonology in contrast: Explaining Cantonese ESL learners\u2019 English pronunciation problems.&nbsp;<em>Language, Culture and Curriculum,&nbsp;13<\/em>&nbsp;(1<em>)<\/em>, 67\u20138.<\/p>\n<p>Chen, W. D. (1983).&nbsp;<em>Structures and functions of English Intonation.&nbsp;<\/em>Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Teaching Press.<\/p>\n<p>Deterding, D. (2006). The pronunciation of English by speakers from China. English World-Wide, 27(2), 175-198<\/p>\n<p>Deterding, D. &amp; Wong, J. &amp; Kirkpatrick, A. (2008).&nbsp;The pronunciation of Hong Kong English.&nbsp;<em>English World-Wide29(2)<\/em>, 148-175. doi:10.1075\/eww.29.2.03 det.<\/p>\n<p>Deterding, D. (2011). ELF-based pronunciation teaching in China.&nbsp;<em>Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics<\/em>, 33(6), 3\u201315.<\/p>\n<p>Duanmu, S. (2000).&nbsp;<em>The Phonology of Standard Chinese<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Francis, A.L. (2008). Perceptual learning of Cantonese lexical tones by tone and non-tone language speakers.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Phonetics, 36<\/em>, 268\u2013294.Reterived from&nbsp;http:\/\/psychology.msu.edu\/SleepLab\/Files\/Francis_Ciocca_Ma_Fenn2008.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Ge, C.G. [\u845b\u50b3\u691d] (1980). [\u6f2b\u8ac7\u7531\u6f22\u8b6f\u82f1\u554f\u984c] Mantan you han yi ying wenti (Free discussion on Chinese-English Translation). [\u7ffb\u8b6f\u901a\u8a0a]<em>Fanyi Tongxun&nbsp;(Chinese Translator\u2019s Journal),&nbsp;2<\/em>, 1\u20138.<\/p>\n<p>Groves, J. (2009).&nbsp;Hong Kong English \u2013 Does it Exist?&nbsp;<em>HKBU Papers in Applied Language Studies<\/em>. 13.<em>54-79. Reterived from&nbsp;<\/em><em>http:\/\/lc.hkbu.edu.hk\/book\/pdf\/v13_04.pdf<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ho, L. (2003). Pronunciation problems of PRC students. In G. L. Lee, L. Ho, L. Meyer, C. Varaprasad &amp; C. Young (Eds).&nbsp;<em>Teaching English to Students from China(<\/em>pp. 138\u201355<em>)<\/em>. Singapore: University of Singapore Press.<\/p>\n<p>Hung, T. (2000). Towards a phonology of Hong Kong English. World Englishes, 19, 337-56.<\/p>\n<p>Hung, T. (2005).&nbsp;\u201cPhonological features of&nbsp;\u2018New Englishes\u2019\u201d. Paper presented at The First International Conference on the Linguistics of Contemporary English, Edinburgh.<\/p>\n<p>Hung, M. J. (1986).&nbsp;<em>Putonghua-English-Cantonese Comparative Phonetics.<\/em>&nbsp;Hong Kong: Jinye Publishing.<\/p>\n<p>International Phonetic Association, ed. (1999).&nbsp;<em>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: English language in the outer circle. In K. Bolton &amp; B. B. Kachru (Eds.),&nbsp;<em>World Englishes:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Critical concepts in linguistics<\/em>:&nbsp;<em>Vol. 3&nbsp;<\/em>(pp. 241- 269). London: Routledge.<\/p>\n<p>Kachru, B. B. (1997).World Englishes 2000: Resources for Research and Teaching..<\/p>\n<p>In L. E. Smith &amp; M. L. Forman (Eds.)&nbsp;<em>World Englishes 2000&nbsp;<\/em>(pp 209-251). Honolulu: College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature.<\/p>\n<p>Kachru, B. B. (2005).&nbsp;<em>Asian Englishes: Beyond the Canon<\/em>. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Kirkpatrick, A., &amp; Xu, Z. (2002). Chinese pragmatic norms and China English,&nbsp;<em>World Englishes<\/em>, 21(2), 260-279.<\/p>\n<p>Kirkpatrick, A. (2007).&nbsp;<em>World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching<\/em>, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Ladefoged, P., &amp; Disner, S. F. (2012),&nbsp;<em>Vowels and Consonants&nbsp;3 edition,&nbsp;<\/em>Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.<\/p>\n<p>Li, C. and Thompson, S. A. (1981).&nbsp;<em>Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar<\/em>. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/p>\n<p>Li, D. C. S. (1996).&nbsp;<em>Issues in Bilingualism and Biculturalism: A Hong Kong Case Study<\/em>. New York: Peter Lang.<\/p>\n<p>Li, D. C. S. (2000). Phonetic borrowing: Key to the vitality of written Cantonese in Hong Kong.&nbsp;<em>Written Language and Literacy&nbsp;<\/em>3(2), 199\u2013233.<\/p>\n<p>Luke, K-K. and J. Richards. (1982). English in Hong Kong: functions and status.&nbsp;<em>English World Wide&nbsp;<\/em>3, 47-64.<\/p>\n<p>Peng, L. and J. Setter. (2000). The emergence of systematicity in the English pronunciations of two Cantonese-speaking adults in Hong Kong.&nbsp;<em>English World-Wide&nbsp;<\/em>21, 81-108.<\/p>\n<p>Population Census Summary Results (Report). (2011). Census and Statistics Department. February 2012. p. 37, Retrieved 14 July 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Roach, P. (2009).&nbsp;<em>English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course,<\/em>&nbsp;4th Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78613-4.<\/p>\n<p>Roach, P. (2004).&nbsp;British English: Received Pronunciation,&nbsp;<em>Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2)<\/em>, 239\u2013245, doi:10.1017\/S0025100304001768.<\/p>\n<p>Setter, J., Wong, C.S.P., &amp; Chan, B.H.S. (2010).&nbsp;<em>Hong Kong English.<\/em>Edinburgh, UK:Edinburgh University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Stibbard, R. (2004). The Spoken English of Hong Kong: A Study of Co-occurring Segmental Errors.&nbsp;<em>Language, Culture and Curriculum&nbsp;<\/em>17, 127-142.<\/p>\n<p>Smith, L. E., &amp; Nelson, C. L. (2006). World Englishes and issues of intelligibility. In B. B. Kachru, Y. Kachru &amp; C. L. Nelson (Eds.),&nbsp;<em>The Handbook of world Englishes<\/em>, (pp 428-445). Malden, MA: Blackwell.<\/p>\n<p>Schneider, E. W. (2003). The dynamics of new Englishes: From identity construction&nbsp;to dialect birth. In K. Bolton &amp; B. B. Kachru (Eds.), W<em>orld Englishes: Critical concepts in linguistics<\/em>: Vol. 1 (pp. 125-185). London: Routledge.<\/p>\n<p>Schneider, E. W. (2007).&nbsp;<em>Postcolonial English \u2013 Varieties around the world.&nbsp;<\/em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Xu, Z. C.(2010).&nbsp;<em>Chinese English, Features and Implications.&nbsp;<\/em>HongKong, China: Open University of Hong Kong Press.<\/p>\n<p>Wee, L. H. (2008). Phonological patterns in the Englishes of Singapore and Hong Kong.&nbsp;<em>World Englishes<\/em>, 27:&nbsp;480\u2013501. doi:&nbsp;10.1111\/j.1467-971X.2008.00580.x<\/p>\n<p>Wang, H. (2007).&nbsp;English as a lingua franca: Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch and American speakers of English.<em>&nbsp;LOT dissertation series, 147<\/em>. LOT, Utrecht.<\/p>\n<p>Zhu, L. (2011).&nbsp;<em>Research on Chinese English Phonetics-The process from Chinese phonetics to Chinese English Phonetics(<\/em><em>\u6f22\u8a9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u5c0d\u4e2d\u5f0f\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7814\u7a76<\/em><em>),&nbsp;<\/em>Bejing, China:China Environmental Science Press.<\/p>\n<p>Zhang, F.C. &amp;Yin, P.P. (2009). A Study of Pronunciation Problems of English Learners in China. Asian Social Science, 5(6).<\/p>\n<p>Van de Poel, K. (2002). Interlanguage Phonology: Implications for a Remedial Pronunciation Course For Chinese Learners of English. (Antwerp papers in linguistics). Retrieve from&nbsp;http:\/\/webhost.ua.ac.be\/apil\/apil100\/hide.pdf<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p>Hits: 9626<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1980s, Kachru came up with his classic three circles model of World English,&nbsp;&nbsp;which describes the new Englishes &nbsp;\u201cin terms of three concentric circles representing the types of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/664"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=664"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5104,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/664\/revisions\/5104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}