{"id":1271,"date":"2020-03-24T11:58:24","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T11:58:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/?page_id=1271"},"modified":"2020-03-31T08:19:36","modified_gmt":"2020-03-31T08:19:36","slug":"4-1-measuring-duration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/4-1-measuring-duration\/","title":{"rendered":"4.1. Measuring Duration"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Once the sound file is open in the Editor window, you can read the total duration easily from the duration bar, but if you want to know the duration of your selected part, you can follow the following steps (Styler, 2012:13):<\/p>\n

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  1. Select the portion of the file you\u2019d like to measure with the cursor<\/li>\n
  2. Read the duration of the selection (in seconds) from the duration bar along the bottom of the Editor window<\/li>\n
  3. \"Editor\" \u2192 \"Query\" \u2192 \"Get selection length\"<\/span> and read your selection in the \"Info\" window<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    If you\u2019d like to know the duration of an entire file, just select the file in the Objects window and select \"Objects\" \u2192 \"Query\" \u2192 \"Query Time Domain\" \u2192 \"Get Total Duration\"<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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    4.1.1. Voice Onset Time (VOT)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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    \"Voice Onset Time\" (VOT)<\/strong><\/span> is the time between when the stop is released and when the voicing of the following vowel begins. Measuring this time, which can be positive (say, for the English voiceless aspirated stop [th<\/sup>]), around zero (for the English \"voiced\" stop \/d\/, or, more commonly, the voiceless unaspirated [t]), or negative (for fully voiced stops, where voicing starts before the stop is released, as found in most non-English languages). Languages classify their stops largely based on voice onset time, and it\u2019s an excellent way of proving the \"voiced\/voiceless\" phonological distinction.<\/p>\n

    Measuring voice onset time (VOT) is very easy to do in Praat, as it\u2019s just a duration measurement between two set points, the release of the stop and the start of voicing.<\/p>\n

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    1. Find the stop release<\/li>\n
    2. Find the start of voicing<\/li>\n
    3. Select the span between these two points<\/li>\n
    4. Read the duration of the selection (in seconds) from the duration bar along the bottom of the Editor window<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      If the start of voicing came before the stop release, the VOT is negative. Otherwise, the VOT is positive. In general, voiced sounds (in languages other than English) will have a VOT which is negative. Voiceless unaspirated sounds will have a VOT which is around 0, and aspirated sounds will have a positive VOT (Styler, 2012:14)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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      4.1.2. Linking duration<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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      As Heike (1987) observed, linking can occur in English between two consonants, between a consonant and a vowel, or between two vowels.<\/p>\n