{"id":1207,"date":"2020-03-24T03:50:53","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T03:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/?page_id=1207"},"modified":"2020-03-31T07:53:22","modified_gmt":"2020-03-31T07:53:22","slug":"3-1-three-dimensions-of-consonants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/3-1-three-dimensions-of-consonants\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1. Three Dimensions of Consonants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1207\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-1207-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-1207-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><b>3.1.1. Place of articulation<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Bilabial<\/span> <\/strong>- use of both lips, e.g.\u00a0 \/p\/, \/b\/, \/m\/ and \/w\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Labio-dental<\/span> <\/strong>- upper teeth and lower lip \/f\/ and \/v\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Dental<\/span> <\/strong>- upper and lower teeth and tip of tongue \/\u03b8\/ and \/\u00f0\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Alveolar <\/span><\/strong>- tip of tongue touches ridge behind teeth \/t\/ and \/d\/, \/n\/ and \/l\/;\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blade of tongue touches ridge behind teeth , \/s\/ and \/z\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) <\/strong><\/span>\u2013 tongue touches the front part of the palate (roof of mouth) \/\u0283\/, \/\u0292\/, \/t\u0283\/, \/d\u0292\/, \/r\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Palatal <\/strong><\/span>- tongue touches the middle of the palate \/j\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Velar<\/strong><\/span> - back part of tongue touches soft palate \/k\/ and \/g\/, \/\u014b\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Glottal <\/strong><\/span>- opening in vocal tract when vocal chords part \/h\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><b>3.1.2. Manner of articulation<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"3\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Plosive \/ stop<\/span>:<\/strong> Air stream is blocked completely \u2192 release of air e.g. \/p\/, \/b\/, \/t\/, \/d\/, \/k\/,\u00a0and\u00a0\/g\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Fricative<\/strong><\/span>: Air escapes through a small passage \u00e0 hissing sound e.g. \/f\/, \/v\/, \/\u03b8\/, \/\u00f0\/, \/s\/, \/z\/, \/\u0283\/, \/\u0292\/, and \/h\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Affricate<\/span>:<\/strong> plosive + fricative e.g. \/t\u0283 \/and \/d\u0292\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Nasal<\/span>:<\/strong> Air exits thru the nose e.g. \/m\/, \/n\/, and\u00a0\/\u014b\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Lateral<\/span>: <\/strong>Air exits along the sides of the tongue e.g. \/l\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Approximant<\/span>:<\/strong> A consonant with very little obstruction to the airflow\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e.g. \/w\/, \/j\/, and \/r\/\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">semi-vowels: \/w\/&amp;\/j\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">retroflex\/ rhotic: \/r\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><b>3.1.3. Voicing<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"5\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voicing is the result of the vibration of the vocal cords. In acoustic analysis, the most important thing with regards to voicing is the low frequency area at the bottom of the spectrogram in the frequency range from 0 to approximately 200Hz. This greater darkness is referred to as a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><u>voicing bar<\/u><\/span><u>,<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and is a primary indicator of voicing in the spectrogram.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Praat3.0.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1237\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Praat3.0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"88\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Chart of English consonant phonemes<\/span><\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Praat3.0.5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1236\" src=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Praat3.0.5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"455\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-1207-0-0-6\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" ><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1207-0-0-6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/chapter-3-acoustic-analysis-of-consonants\/\">Back to Chapter 3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/our-praat-manual\/\">Back to Praat Manual<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p>Hits: 8470<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3.1.1. Place of articulation Bilabial &#8211; use of both lips, e.g.\u00a0 \/p\/, \/b\/, \/m\/ and \/w\/ Labio-dental &#8211; upper teeth and lower lip \/f\/ and \/v\/ Dental &#8211; upper and lower teeth and tip of tongue \/\u03b8\/ and \/\u00f0\/ Alveolar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1207"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1453,"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207\/revisions\/1453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corpus.eduhk.hk\/english_pronunciation\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}